The Complete Guide to Natural Stone Patios in Toronto's Climate

Why Toronto is Hard on Patios

Toronto experiences over 70 freeze-thaw cycles per year. Water seeps into joints, freezes, expands, and cracks everything in its path. This is why you see so many buckled driveways and heaving patios across the GTA — they were not built for this climate.

The Foundation: What You Don't See Matters Most

Excavation Depth

We excavate to a minimum of 12 inches below finished grade. Most budget contractors dig 6-8 inches. That extra depth is the difference between a patio that lasts 5 years and one that lasts 30.

Base Material

We use a combination of 3/4-inch clear stone for drainage and crusher run limestone for compaction. Each layer is compacted in 2-inch lifts using a plate compactor — never all at once.

Bedding Layer

A 1-inch layer of high-calcium limestone screenings provides the final leveling surface. This material locks together when compacted and resists washout.

Choosing the Right Stone

Flagstone (Natural)

• Best for: Organic, naturalistic designs
• Pros: Each piece is unique, ages beautifully, excellent grip when wet
• Cons: Irregular thickness requires skilled installation
• Lifespan: 50+ years when properly installed

Interlock Pavers (Manufactured)

• Best for: Geometric, modern designs
• Pros: Consistent dimensions, wide color range, easy to replace individual units
• Cons: Can fade over time, manufactured look
• Lifespan: 25-30 years

Sandstone (Natural)

• Best for: Formal terraces and pool decks
• Pros: Dense, frost-resistant, refined appearance
• Cons: Can be slippery when wet unless thermal-finished
• Lifespan: 75+ years

Joint Treatment

We use polymeric sand in all joints. When activated with water, it hardens to prevent weed growth and insect infiltration while still allowing the patio to flex with seasonal ground movement.

The Cavemen Difference

We do not rush patios. A 400-square-foot patio takes us 5-7 days to install properly. If someone quotes you 2 days for the same size, ask them about their base depth.

Ready to build a patio that outlasts you? Schedule a site consultation with Cavemen Landscapes.